Data study

What 14 cuisines actually share

Every dish on eatmundo is stored as a structured ingredient list, which lets us ask a question cookbooks rarely answer directly: measured by what actually goes in the pot, how close are the world's cuisines to each other? Here is what the whole corpus says.

Last updated: 2026-07-30

1,196
dishes
14
cuisines
832
distinct ingredients
5,906
cross-border links

The cuisines that overlap most

Raw counts would just reward the cuisines with the most dishes, so each pair is scored as the share of all possible dish pairings that turned out to share a substantial part of their ingredients. Greece and Türkiye come out on top — a result most cooks in either country would find unsurprising, and one the rest of the table puts in context.

The cuisines that overlap most
Cuisine pairOverlapDistance apart
🇬🇷 Greece·🇹🇷 Turkey1,122 km
🇩🇪 Germany·🇬🇧 United Kingdom877 km
🇬🇧 United Kingdom·🇺🇸 USA6,952 km
🇫🇷 France·🇬🇧 United Kingdom934 km
🇩🇪 Germany·🇫🇷 France809 km
🇪🇸 Spain·🇬🇷 Greece2,226 km
🇫🇷 France·🇺🇸 USA7,668 km
🇩🇪 Germany·🇺🇸 USA7,811 km
🇬🇷 Greece·🇮🇹 Italy908 km
🇪🇸 Spain·🇫🇷 France826 km

Distance predicts almost nothing

If shared ingredients simply tracked geography, neighbours would dominate and far-apart cuisines would vanish from the list. They do not. These pairs sit thousands of kilometres apart and still overlap as much as some neighbours — mostly through shared colonial-era and trade-era pantries rather than proximity.

Distance predicts almost nothing
Cuisine pairOverlapDistance apart
🇬🇧 United Kingdom·🇺🇸 USA6,952 km
🇫🇷 France·🇺🇸 USA7,668 km
🇩🇪 Germany·🇺🇸 USA7,811 km
🇹🇷 Turkey·🇺🇸 USA10,109 km
🇮🇹 Italy·🇺🇸 USA8,571 km
🇪🇸 Spain·🇺🇸 USA7,641 km

Desserts travel further than main courses

This is the sharpest pattern in the data. Main courses are built around a local protein, a local fat and local aromatics, so they diverge. Desserts are built from a much smaller and far more portable set — flour, sugar, milk, eggs, butter — so the same dessert idea surfaces independently across the map.

Main courses
4
Links per dish
624 dishes · 2,496
Desserts
9.3
Links per dish
285 dishes · 2,655
Drinks
2.6
Links per dish
287 dishes · 755

The ingredients everyone uses

Only a handful of ingredients appear in all of the cuisines we cover. Everything else — including things that feel universal, like butter or lemon — is missing from at least one.

SaltGranulated sugarWaterOnionGarlicOil

The ingredients only one cuisine uses

The mirror image: ingredients that appear repeatedly in exactly one cuisine and nowhere else in the corpus. These are the flavours that make a dish immediately placeable.

The ingredients only one cuisine uses
IngredientCuisineDishes
Palm sugar🇹🇭 Thailand17
Fish sauce🇹🇭 Thailand14
Dashi🇯🇵 Japan12
Caraway seed🇩🇪 Germany10
Pandan leaf🇹🇭 Thailand9
Beef suet🇬🇧 United Kingdom8
Chorizo🇪🇸 Spain8
Marjoram🇩🇪 Germany8
Sumac🇹🇷 Turkey8
Shaoxing wine🇨🇳 China8
Mustard seeds🇮🇳 India7
Vanilla sugar🇩🇪 Germany6

How this was measured

Every recipe on the site carries a structured ingredient list, normalised so that the same ingredient written different ways counts as one. Two dishes are linked when they come from different countries, sit in the same course, and share a substantial part of that normalised list. All figures on this page are recomputed daily from the live database.

One honest caveat: this describes our corpus, not world cuisine. Coverage is deeper for some countries than others, and a cuisine with fewer dishes here has fewer chances to link. Read the table as a statement about these 1,196 dishes.

Every link behind these numbers is browsable — open any dish to see what it shares with the rest of the world.